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Magnusiomyces capitatus bloodstream infection in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia: A rare case report

Summary

A 26-year-old patient with acute leukemia developed a rare fungal bloodstream infection caused by Magnusiomyces capitatus during cancer treatment. The infection was identified through advanced laboratory techniques including DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B, highlighting the importance of rapid and accurate fungal identification for better patient outcomes.

Background

Magnusiomyces capitatus is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals with hematological malignancies. In China, fewer than ten cases of invasive M. capitatus infections have been documented, creating significant gaps in clinical understanding and epidemiological data.

Objective

To document a rare case of M. capitatus bloodstream infection in a 26-year-old male with relapsed acute monocytic leukemia and provide comprehensive analysis of clinical progression, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

Results

The isolate demonstrated resistance to echinocandins but susceptibility to amphotericin B and azoles. Serial G-test monitoring showed elevation from <40 pg/mL to 2810.5 pg/mL during fungemia progression, declining to 47.7 pg/mL following amphotericin B treatment. The patient achieved clinical stabilization despite persistent neutropenia and infusion-related reactions.

Conclusion

Early MALDI-TOF MS identification, serial β-D-glucan monitoring, and tailored antifungal regimens are pivotal for improving outcomes in M. capitatus infections. Enhanced surveillance and establishment of clinical breakpoints are needed to define regional risk profiles and optimize therapies.
  • Published in:Medical Mycology Case Reports,
  • Study Type:Case Report,
  • Source: PMID: 40703716, DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2025.100718
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