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Lectins from the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bisporus and Their Therapeutic Potentials

Summary

This research examines proteins found in common white button mushrooms that could have important medical applications. These proteins, called lectins, show promise in fighting cancer, boosting immune function, and delivering drugs in the body. The study reveals how these mushroom proteins could be used to develop new treatments that are both effective and safe. Impacts on everyday life: • Could lead to new cancer treatments derived from common mushrooms • May help develop better ways to deliver drugs orally rather than through injection • Potential for natural immune system boosters from mushroom proteins • Could provide new options for diabetes treatment • Demonstrates additional health benefits of including mushrooms in regular diet

Background

Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed edible mushrooms worldwide, containing biologically active compounds and proteins beneficial for human health. The mushroom contains approximately 30% proteins, 35% carbohydrates, <5% other compounds, and water. Most studied proteins from A. bisporus are tyrosinases and lectins, with lectins being of particular therapeutic interest.

Objective

To review and analyze the current knowledge about lectins and lectin-like proteins from Agaricus bisporus, particularly focusing on A. bisporus lectin (ABL) and A. bisporus mannose-binding protein (Abmb), and evaluate their therapeutic potential.

Results

ABL shows significant anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cells at low concentrations (50 μg/mL), blocks nuclear protein import, and exhibits anti-HIV activity. Abmb demonstrates ability to permeate jejunum, inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation at 12.5 μM, and shows potential as a drug carrier. Both proteins show promise in immunomodulation and therapeutic applications with minimal toxicity to normal cells.

Conclusion

Lectins and lectin-like proteins from A. bisporus demonstrate significant therapeutic potential for various medical applications. They can be economically produced either as protein extracts or recombinant proteins for specific targeting in medicinal or pharmaceutical applications. Further development and modification of these proteins could enhance their therapeutic effectiveness.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules25102368
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