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Isolation, identification, and production optimization of natural functional pigments produced by Talaromyces atroroseus LWT-1

Summary

Researchers isolated a special fungus called Talaromyces atroroseus that produces natural red pigments with cancer-fighting properties. These pigments killed cancer cells in laboratory tests while actually helping normal cells grow, which is an ideal combination for therapeutic potential. By optimizing growing conditions, scientists found they can produce large quantities of these pigments efficiently, offering a safe, natural alternative to synthetic dyes for food and cosmetic products.

Background

Natural microbial pigments are gaining attention as safer, more sustainable alternatives to synthetic dyes due to environmental and health concerns associated with artificial colorants. Talaromyces atroroseus is known as an efficient pigment-producing fungus without known mycotoxins, making it suitable for food and cosmetic applications. However, previous studies focused primarily on pigment-producing capability without investigating chemical composition, biological functions, or cultivation optimization.

Objective

To isolate and identify pigment compounds produced by Talaromyces atroroseus LWT-1, evaluate their cytotoxic properties, and optimize fermentation conditions for enhanced pigment yield. The study aimed to determine the safety profile and therapeutic potential of isolated compounds while establishing optimal production parameters for industrial-scale applications.

Results

Three pigment compounds were identified: talaroconvolutins A and B, and talarofuranone. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines (MCF7, Huh-7, H446) with IC50 values of 0.68-4.19 μM, while compound 1 promoted growth in normal BEAS-2B cells. Optimal fermentation conditions were determined as SDA medium, 32°C temperature, 170 rpm shaking speed, 60 mL working volume in 250 mL flask, and 120 h culture duration.

Conclusion

Talaromyces atroroseus LWT-1 produces bioactive pigments with selective cytotoxic activity against cancer cells while promoting normal cell growth, demonstrating potential as a functional food pigment. The optimized fermentation parameters provide a foundation for industrial-scale production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes. Future research should focus on mechanism of action, in vivo efficacy, and commercial viability of these microbial pigments.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40606172, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1612109
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