Interaction Studies Between Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) Race 3 on Different Isolines of Tomato cv. Tasti Lee

Summary

This research examined how two major tomato pathogens – root-knot nematodes and Fusarium wilt fungus – interact and affect tomato plants with different resistance genes. The study found that while these pathogens can partially suppress each other’s reproduction, they cause much more severe plant damage when present together. This has important implications for tomato farming and disease management. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps farmers make better decisions about which tomato varieties to plant – Improves understanding of how to manage multiple plant diseases simultaneously – Contributes to developing more effective crop protection strategies – Supports efforts to reduce crop losses and maintain food security – Aids in breeding more resilient tomato varieties

Background

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are cosmopolitan plant parasites that cause significant crop losses worldwide. Three apomictic species (M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica) along with M. hapla contribute to >95% of RKN-related crop losses. In tomatoes, these nematodes can cause up to 40% yield reduction in warm climates. The Mi gene in tomato provides resistance against several RKN species, while the I-3 gene confers resistance to Fusarium wilt race 3.

Objective

To study the interactions between root-knot nematode (M. javanica), Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3), and resistance genes (Mi and I-3) in different isolines of tomato cultivar Tasti Lee under greenhouse conditions.

Results

Fusarium reduced root-knot infection and reproduction when both pathogens were inoculated at planting but not when Fusarium was added 10 days later. Plant damage from Fusarium was more severe when combined with RKN, especially at simultaneous inoculation. Isolines with I-3 gene showed better growth under Fusarium treatment alone but this advantage was lost when both pathogens were present. Mi gene reduced RKN infection and reproduction but did not affect Fusarium damage.

Conclusion

While Fusarium showed an antagonistic effect on RKN reproduction, both pathogens demonstrated a synergistic effect on plant damage regardless of the presence of resistance genes. The combination of both pathogens at planting caused the most severe plant damage. The I-3 gene provided protection against Fusarium alone but was ineffective when both pathogens were present. The Mi gene provided intermediate protection against RKN but did not influence Fusarium severity.
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