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Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provide Insight into Degeneration-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Morchella importuna During Repeated Subculturing

Summary

This study explains why morel mushroom strains weaken when repeatedly grown in laboratories. Researchers found that degenerated strains lose the ability to produce protective compounds called flavonoids, which act as natural antioxidants. By understanding these molecular changes, the researchers suggest that avoiding frequent subculturing and using preservation methods like low-temperature storage could help keep morel strains healthy and productive.

Background

Morchella importuna is a highly esteemed edible fungus whose mycelial strains are prone to degeneration after repeated subculturing, a common practice in edible fungi production. While degeneration manifests through slowed growth, sparse mycelium, and reduced yield, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood.

Objective

This study employed integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms of M. importuna strain degeneration during repeated subculturing. The research aimed to identify key genes and metabolic pathways involved in the degeneration process.

Results

Analysis identified 699 differentially expressed metabolites and 2691 differentially expressed genes between normal and degenerated strains. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enrichment in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, particularly flavonoid and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. An NR-PKS gene involved in flavonoid biosynthesis showed significantly reduced expression in degenerated strains, correlating with markedly decreased flavonoid content.

Conclusion

M. importuna degeneration resulted from systemic dysregulation of gene expression networks and metabolic pathway reorganization, particularly affecting flavonoid biosynthesis. The decline in intracellular flavonoids weakens antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage, suggesting that avoiding frequent subculturing and implementing low-temperature dormancy or antioxidant supplementation could help prevent degeneration.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi (Basel),
  • Study Type:Comparative Omics Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40558932
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