Influence of Iron Addition (Alone or With Calcium) to Elements Biofortification and Antioxidants in Pholiota nameko

Summary

This research explored how adding iron and calcium to mushroom growing medium could create more nutritious mushrooms to help combat iron deficiency. While the mushrooms grew smaller, they contained significantly more iron, especially when both minerals were added together. This could help develop more nutritious food products to address widespread iron deficiency. Impacts on everyday life: – Provides a new way to create iron-enriched foods that could help prevent iron deficiency – Demonstrates how mushrooms can be enhanced to provide better nutrition – Shows potential for developing more nutritious food products through mineral fortification – Offers insights into making healthier food alternatives accessible – Could help reduce the global burden of iron deficiency through dietary improvements

Background

Iron deficiency (ID) remains one of the most common nutritional problems worldwide, affecting approximately 1-2 billion people. Although iron is abundant in nature, its bioavailability is limited in soil and exists mainly as insoluble ferric hydroxides. Food fortification offers a potential solution, but developing iron-fortified products has proven challenging due to sensory changes and absorption issues.

Objective

To investigate the effects of iron (Fe) supplementation alone and in combination with calcium (Ca) on the biofortification and antioxidant properties of Pholiota nameko mushrooms. The study aimed to verify potential interactions between these elements and their impact on mushroom growth, mineral composition, and antioxidant profiles.

Results

The addition of Fe and Ca led to decreased mycelium growth and mushroom yield. However, Fe accumulation in mushrooms increased significantly with Fe supplementation (185-292% of control), and Ca addition further enhanced Fe accumulation (up to 153% compared to Fe alone). The highest Fe content was achieved with 15 mM Fe + 10 mM Ca. Phenolic compound profiles were limited, with only four phenolic acids detected. The organic acid profile was also poor, with mainly citric and succinic acids identified.

Conclusion

While Fe and Ca supplementation reduced mushroom yield, it successfully increased Fe content in P. nameko fruiting bodies. The addition of Ca enhanced Fe accumulation, suggesting a synergistic effect. A standard dose (25g DW) of Fe+Ca fortified mushrooms could provide up to 11% of daily Fe requirements for males. Though antioxidant profiles were not significantly improved, this biofortification approach shows promise for developing Fe-enriched functional foods.
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