Immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages infected with active and dormant Cryptococcus neoformans: differential modulation of respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid utilization
- Author: mycolabadmin
- 12/23/2024
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Summary
This research examines how immune cells (macrophages) respond differently to active versus dormant forms of a dangerous fungus called Cryptococcus neoformans. The dormant form causes the immune cells to accumulate fatty acids differently than the active fungus, which may help the fungus establish long-term infections. Understanding these differences could lead to better treatments for cryptococcal infections, which are particularly dangerous for immunocompromised individuals.
Background
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) can establish dormant viable but not cultivable (VBNC) infections in macrophages. Previous research showed differential immune responses to active versus dormant Cn, but the metabolic mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear.
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the immunometabolic adaptations of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) infected with active versus VBNC Cn, examining differential metabolic reprogramming including respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid utilization.
Results
Active Cn induced mitochondrial depolarization and increased glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, while VBNC caused minimal mitochondrial changes. VBNC infection specifically increased fatty acid uptake and expression of fatty acid transporters (Fabp1, Fabp4) in M1-BMDM, distinct from active Cn infection patterns.
Conclusion
VBNC and active Cn induce distinct immunometabolic profiles in infected macrophages, with VBNC promoting fatty acid metabolism pathways potentially associated with prolonged intracellular residency and granuloma formation, suggesting stage-dependent fungal immunomodulation.
- Published in:Infection and Immunity,
- Study Type:Experimental Research,
- Source: PMID: 39714095, doi: 10.1128/iai.00487-24