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Harnessing and Degradation Mechanism of Persistent Polyethylene Waste by Newly Isolated Bacteria from Waxworm and Termite Gut Symbionts

Summary

Researchers discovered that bacteria living in the guts of waxworms and termites can effectively break down plastic waste, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE) commonly found in plastic bags and packaging. Two bacterial strains—Bacillus cereus from waxworms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from termites—were tested for their ability to degrade LDPE. The Bacillus cereus strain proved more effective, breaking down nearly 20% of the plastic over 45 days by forming biofilms and using enzyme-producing capabilities. These findings suggest a promising biological approach to managing plastic pollution that could complement traditional recycling methods.

Background

Plastic waste, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE), presents a significant environmental challenge due to its chemical stability and resistance to degradation. Approximately 79% of plastic waste accumulates in landfills or enters the environment, with traditional disposal methods proving inadequate. Recent research has identified insect gut microbiota as a promising source of bacteria capable of degrading persistent polymers.

Objective

This study investigates the biodegradation potential of bacterial strains isolated from insect gut symbionts—Bacillus cereus LDPE-DB2 (from waxworm Achroia grisella) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa LDPE-DB26 (from termite Coptotermes formosanus)—to assess their ability to degrade LDPE through biofilm formation, enzymatic activity, and structural polymer modification.

Results

After 45 days, Bacillus cereus LDPE-DB2 achieved 19.8% weight loss compared to 11.6% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa LDPE-DB26. LDPE-DB2 demonstrated superior biofilm formation (68.3 ± 2.3 µg/cm²), reduced tensile strength by 58.3% (from 15.3 MPa to 6.4 ± 0.4 MPa), and caused greater polymer chain scission. GC-MS analysis identified environmentally benign degradation products including alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.

Conclusion

Insect gut-derived bacteria, particularly Bacillus cereus LDPE-DB2, demonstrate significant potential for LDPE biodegradation through synergistic biofilm formation and enzymatic activity. The study provides a foundation for developing scalable, eco-biotechnological approaches to plastic waste management aligned with circular economy principles.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40871433
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