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Haplotype-resolved genomes of Phlebopus portentosus reveal nuclear differentiation, TE-mediated variation, and saprotrophic potential

Summary

Researchers sequenced the complete genomes of two compatible versions of the black truffle fungus Phlebopus portentosus, the only Boletales species grown commercially. They discovered that jumping genes called transposable elements cause significant differences between the two fungal nuclei, affecting the production of beneficial compounds. The study shows this mushroom can both partner with tree roots and break down organic matter independently, making it versatile in nature and valuable for both food and medicine.

Background

Phlebopus portentosus is the only Boletales species cultivated industrially and is widely consumed as an edible mushroom. Despite its economic importance, its trophic strategy and genomic adaptations remain elusive. Previous genomic studies have noted relatively high abundance of transposable elements in this species.

Objective

To generate high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for two sexually compatible monokaryons of P. portentosus and perform comparative genomic analysis to reveal nuclear differentiation, transposable element-mediated variation, and saprotrophic potential.

Results

Genome size difference of 1.17 Mb was primarily attributed to transposable element expansion in PP85. Comparative analysis identified 187 PP78-specific and 236 PP85-specific genes. P. portentosus displays genomic signatures of both ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and saprotrophy with expanded glycoside hydrolase 31 and sugar transporters.

Conclusion

Transposable elements drive genome plasticity, metabolic diversity, and nuclear divergence in P. portentosus. The species exhibits a facultative ectomycorrhizal lifestyle with saprotrophic capabilities. These findings provide valuable genomic resources for cultivation optimization and metabolic engineering.
  • Published in:IMA Fungus,
  • Study Type:Genomic Analysis,
  • Source: 40917997
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