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Glucans, Paramylon and Other Algae Bioactive Molecules

Summary

This research examines how compounds from algae and fungi can benefit human health through natural supplements and therapeutic applications. These natural compounds can boost immune function, fight diseases, and provide essential nutrients that our bodies need but can’t produce enough of on their own. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides natural alternatives to synthetic supplements and medications • Offers sustainable sources of essential nutrients for both regular and plant-based diets • Creates new possibilities for treating various diseases including cancer and viral infections • Supports environmental sustainability through eco-friendly production methods • Introduces new natural food colorants and preservatives for everyday products

Background

Algae function as light-driven cell factories that synthesize bioactive compounds including primary metabolites (lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates) and secondary metabolites (pigments, sterols, vitamins). These compounds have biological effects that can promote health and suppress disease. Since humans cannot synthesize most of these molecules in sufficient quantities, dietary supplementation is important for health benefits.

Objective

This special issue examines the properties and benefits of algal compounds with nutraceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical applications, with emphasis on polysaccharides. It aims to review the defense mechanisms triggered by these compounds’ interaction with organisms and their role in immunity.

Results

The global algal market value is approximately USD 6 billion, dominated by marine macroalgae production. Specific compounds like pigments had a market value of USD 115 million in 2018, expected to double by 2028. β-glucans show potent immunomodulating activity through various receptors. Sulfated polysaccharides demonstrate antiviral properties against enveloped viruses. Selenium-enriched polysaccharides show enhanced biological activity compared to non-enriched versions.

Conclusion

Natural substances like β-glucans from both algae and fungi demonstrate significant potential as health enhancers through immune system potentiation. These compounds show promise in anticancer applications and as therapeutic agents for various pathologies. The main limitation to full exploitation remains the high costs of downstream processing and biorefinery needed to produce purified products suitable for clinical trials.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/ijms24065844
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