Genome Sequencing of Three Pathogenic Fungi Provides Insights into the Evolution and Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Cobweb Disease on Cultivated Mushrooms

Summary

This research sequenced the DNA of three fungi that cause cobweb disease, a serious problem in mushroom farming that can destroy entire crops. Scientists discovered that these fungi spread disease by producing special enzymes that break down mushroom cell walls and releasing toxic compounds. By understanding the genetic basis of how these fungi attack mushrooms, researchers can now develop better strategies to prevent infection and protect valuable mushroom crops.

Background

Cobweb disease, caused by fungal pathogens from the Hypocreaceae family, is one of the most significant diseases affecting edible mushroom cultivation worldwide, causing production losses up to 40%. Understanding the genetic basis of pathogenicity requires comprehensive genome sequencing and analysis of these pathogens.

Objective

To sequence and analyze the high-quality genomes of three cobweb disease fungi (Hypomyces aurantius, Cladobotryum mycophilum, and Cladobotryum protrusum) to identify genes responsible for pathogenicity and evolution of these pathogens.

Results

Complete genomes of 33.19 Mb (H. aurantius), 39.83 Mb (C. mycophilum), and 38.10 Mb (C. protrusum) were assembled with high quality (BUSCO >98%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the three pathogens diverged approximately 17.51 million years ago and share conserved CAZymes, proteases, killer proteins, lipases, and hydrophobins associated with pathogenicity.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable genomic resources for understanding cobweb disease pathogenesis, identifying that pathogens likely inhibit host growth through secretion of antifungal metabolites and cell wall-degrading enzymes. These insights will facilitate disease control strategies and enhance mushroom production.
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