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GC-MS Analysis of Potentially Volatile Compounds of Pleurotus ostreatus Polar Extract: In Vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Immunomodulatory, and Antioxidant Activities

Summary

This research investigated the medicinal properties of oyster mushroom extract and found it has multiple health benefits. The study showed the extract can fight harmful microorganisms, kill cancer cells, boost immune system function, and act as an antioxidant. Key impacts on everyday life include: – Potential natural alternative for treating infections – Possible new source for cancer-fighting compounds – Health-promoting food supplement for immune system support – Natural antioxidant source for disease prevention – Safe and accessible medicinal mushroom option

Background

Mushrooms have various dietary and medicinal benefits due to their bioactive compounds. Mushroom-derived metabolites demonstrate antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and other therapeutic properties. The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is used both as food and medicine due to its flavor, nutritional value, and medicinal properties.

Objective

To investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects of cultivated Egyptian Pleurotus ostreatus polar extract, as well as evaluate its apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest on cancer cell lines. The study also aimed to identify volatile compounds through GC-MS analysis.

Results

The extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, M. luteus, and E. coli. It inhibited fungal growth of F. oxysporum (47%), F. solani (28%) and R. solani (21%). The extract demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with the lowest IC50 value (4.5 μg/mL). It induced cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. The extract increased TNF-α production while decreasing IL-6 levels. It showed strong antioxidant activity through reduced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione reductase activity. GC-MS analysis identified 15 bioactive compounds.

Conclusion

P. ostreatus polar extract demonstrated significant antimicrobial, antifungal, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The extract was particularly effective against breast cancer MCF-7 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The findings suggest this mushroom extract has potential therapeutic applications for infectious diseases and cancer treatment through immune system enhancement.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:In Vitro Study,
  • Source: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834525
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