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Fungi as source for new bio-based materials: a patent review

Summary

Researchers reviewed patents from 2009-2018 on using fungal mycelium to create eco-friendly materials. Instead of petroleum-based plastics, scientists grow fungi on agricultural waste like corn stalks and wood chips, where fungal threads bind the materials together into strong, biodegradable products. These fungal materials are being developed for packaging, car interiors, textiles, and insulation, offering sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics.

Background

Filamentous fungi have become valuable organisms in biotechnology and industry. Their mycelial structures can form entangled networks that bind lignocellulosic materials together, creating sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. The circular economy and bio-based economy movements seek to replace fossil-based resources with renewable alternatives.

Objective

This patent review aims to identify and analyze patent trends (2009-2018) concerning the production and processing of fungal mycelium for novel applications in various industries. The study evaluates patent distribution by country, assignee, application areas, substrates used, and fungal species employed.

Results

A total of 47 patents were identified, with the majority filed in the USA (28) and China (14). Ecovative Design LLC led with 45% of patents, followed by Ford Global Tech (19%). Patents covered packaging, textiles, leather, automotive, thermal insulation, and fire protection applications. Twenty-seven fungal species were identified, predominantly from Basidiomycota, with common substrates including wheat straw, maize, bagasse, and wood waste.

Conclusion

Fungal bio-based materials represent a significant growth sector with considerable innovation potential. Patents demonstrate viable applications across multiple industries as sustainable, biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. The field requires continued transdisciplinary research to realize the commercial potential of fungal composite materials.
  • Published in:Fungal Biology and Biotechnology,
  • Study Type:Patent Review,
  • Source: 10.1186/s40694-019-0080-y, PMID: 31673396
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