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Fungal β-Glucans: Biological Properties, Immunomodulatory Effects, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Summary

β-glucans are natural substances found in yeast and fungi that help boost the immune system and fight cancer. They can be measured in blood to diagnose serious fungal infections and may help prevent common illnesses like colds and respiratory infections. Recent research suggests they could be useful additions to vaccines and may help patients recovering from COVID-19.

Background

β-glucans are natural polysaccharides found in fungal cell walls, yeasts, and some plants like barley and wheat. These compounds have been extensively studied for their role in preventing various diseases and promoting human health through multiple biological mechanisms.

Objective

To review the main characteristics, therapeutic options, and diagnostic potentials of fungal β-glucans, including their immunomodulatory effects, antitumor properties, and applications in diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections.

Results

β-glucans demonstrate multiple beneficial effects including immune stimulation through Dectin-1, CR3, and TLR-2 receptor binding; antitumor activity through complement system activation and NK cell enhancement; antioxidant properties; antimicrobial effects; and potential vaccine adjuvant properties. β-D-glucan (BDG) measurement shows 77-99% sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing invasive fungal infections across various patient populations.

Conclusion

Fungal β-glucans represent a significant substance with numerous potential health benefits, including immune modulation, tumor treatment, metabolic regulation, and diagnostic applications for invasive fungal infections. Further clinical trials and research are necessary to establish their routine use in medical practice and to optimize their production for therapeutic applications.
  • Published in:Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 40225707, DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2025.448
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