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Functions of the Three Common Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) Domain-Containing Genes of Arthrobotrys flagrans in the Process of Nematode Trapping

Summary

Researchers studied three genes (CFEM1-3) in a fungus called Arthrobotrys flagrans that traps and kills parasitic worms. By deleting or increasing these genes, scientists found they control how the fungus makes sticky trap networks and how thick the trap walls are. This knowledge could help develop natural pest control products to protect plants and animals from harmful parasitic nematodes.

Background

Arthrobotrys flagrans is a nematode-trapping fungus that produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to capture parasitic nematodes. CFEM domain-containing proteins are important for fungal pathogenicity and host-pathogen interactions. Understanding the role of CFEM genes in nematode trapping has applications for biocontrol development.

Objective

This study investigated the biological functions of three CFEM domain-containing genes (AfCFEM1-3) in A. flagrans during nematode trapping processes. The research aimed to elucidate how these genes participate in trap formation, adhesive material production, cell wall biogenesis, and pathogenicity.

Results

Loss of AfCFEM1 and AfCFEM3 increased adhesive material density and nematode mortality, while AfCFEM2 deletion reduced these parameters. All three gene deletions resulted in thinner trap cell walls and increased irregular trap formation. Compensatory upregulation of other CFEM family members was observed in knockout mutants.

Conclusion

AfCFEM1-3 genes are essential for trap formation, adhesive material production, cell wall biogenesis, and pathogenicity in A. flagrans. These findings provide insights into CFEM protein functions in nematode trapping and support development of biocontrol agents against parasitic nematodes.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 41011333, DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13092001
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