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From Past to Present: Biotechnology in Mexico Using Algae and Fungi

Summary

This research examines how Mexico has historically used and continues to use fungi and algae in various applications from medicine to industry. The study shows how traditional knowledge from pre-Hispanic times combined with modern biotechnology can provide solutions to current challenges in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. Impact on everyday life: – Development of new medicines and treatments from naturally occurring compounds – More environmentally friendly ways to process waste and control agricultural pests – Improved food products and nutritional supplements – Potential new solutions for environmental cleanup and conservation – Economic opportunities through sustainable use of biological resources

Background

Mexico is considered one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world, with this diversity extending to algae and fungi that have been used since pre-Hispanic times. While conservation efforts have been performed in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times, microorganisms are sometimes forgotten as researchers instead focus on macroscopic diversity. The biological and cultural richness of fungi and algae in Mexico is vast but risks disappearing due to erosion of human cultures.

Objective

This review aims to provide an overview of the use of algae and fungi in pre-Hispanic times and modern-day Mexico for the benefits of mankind. A key objective is to raise awareness about the potential of developing research projects for identification and biotechnological utilization of algae and fungi in Mexico as a megadiverse country.

Results

The review found extensive historical and modern applications of Mexican fungi and algae. In pre-Hispanic times, these organisms were used for food, medicine, and religious ceremonies. In modern biotechnology, Mexican fungi and algae are utilized for enzyme production, pest control, pharmaceutical development, food enhancement, and waste treatment. Over 5000 species of algae have been identified in Mexico, with numerous applications in cosmetics, medicine, and food industries. Several fungal species have been found effective in producing valuable enzymes, controlling agricultural pests, and developing pharmaceutical compounds.

Conclusion

Mexican biodiversity offers significant opportunities to discover unknown microorganisms and use them for various biotechnological applications. The combination of traditional knowledge with new technologies could lead to the discovery of new and useful microorganisms, metabolic routes, enzymes, and bioactive compounds attractive to different sectors. However, these biodiversity hotspots are threatened by environmental pollution and deforestation, making urgent action necessary to preserve and utilize this biological wealth.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/plants10112530
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