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Exploring the Mechanisms of Amino Acid and Bioactive Constituent Formation During Fruiting Body Development in Lyophyllum decastes by Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Summary

This research study examined how Lyophyllum decastes mushrooms develop and accumulate their valuable nutrients and flavor compounds. Scientists found that amino acids and polysaccharides reach their highest levels when the mushroom is mature, ready for harvesting. By analyzing the genes and chemical changes during mushroom growth, researchers identified the specific pathways responsible for producing these beneficial compounds. This knowledge helps improve mushroom cultivation and confirms its value as a healthy functional food.

Background

Lyophyllum decastes is a valued edible and medicinal mushroom prized for its exceptional taste and nutritional composition. Previous studies have identified various bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, and amino acids with antioxidative, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. However, the biosynthetic pathways and dynamic alterations of these compounds during fruiting body development remain largely unexplored.

Objective

To investigate the dynamic changes in amino acids and polysaccharides across developmental stages of L. decastes and characterize the biosynthesis mechanisms using integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. The study aimed to identify key genes and metabolites associated with nutrient synthesis during fruiting body development.

Results

Amino acid and polysaccharide concentrations reached maximum levels at the mature fruiting body stage (45,107.39 μg/g and 13.66 mg/g respectively). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified 620 differentially accumulated metabolites and numerous differentially expressed genes associated with secondary metabolite, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Key pathways including arginine biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and polysaccharide biosynthesis were characterized with their associated regulatory genes.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that L. decastes accumulates abundant amino acids and polysaccharides at the mature fruiting body stage through coordinated metabolic and transcriptomic changes. The identification of key metabolic pathways and regulatory genes provides crucial insights for optimizing cultivation strategies and maximizing nutritional value. These findings support L. decastes application as a functional food and nutraceutical source.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMC12387458
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