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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Tricholosporum goniospermum, an Edible Wild Mushroom

Summary

This research investigated the medicinal properties of an edible wild mushroom called Tricholosporum goniospermum. Scientists found that extracts from this mushroom have strong antimicrobial properties and could help fight drug-resistant bacteria. They also discovered it has antioxidant properties and can inhibit certain enzymes related to skin pigmentation and other biological processes. Impacts on everyday life: – Could lead to new natural antibiotics to fight resistant infections – May provide natural alternatives for skin whitening and pigmentation treatments – Offers potential new uses for an edible mushroom in medicine and skincare – Demonstrates the value of exploring natural products for medical solutions – Could help address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance

Background

Fungi represent key components of biodiversity in terrestrial habitats and serve important roles as decomposers and recyclers of organic materials. Mushrooms have long been used as both food and medicine, containing beneficial compounds like minerals, vitamins, proteins and polysaccharides. While medicinal mushroom use has a long tradition in Eastern countries, Western adoption has only recently increased. With growing antimicrobial resistance presenting a major public health challenge, there is urgent need for alternative antimicrobial compounds that could be found in mushrooms.

Objective

To evaluate the biological properties of Tricholosporum goniospermum extracts by: 1) Identifying the fungus through morphological and molecular analysis, 2) Assessing antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogens, 3) Evaluating enzymatic inhibitory effects related to chronic diseases, and 4) Comparing different extraction solvents. Additionally, to investigate mechanisms of action through composition analysis and in silico studies.

Results

The methanolic extract from mycelia was richest in gallic acid, while ethyl acetate extract from fruiting bodies uniquely contained catechin. Ethyl acetate extracts showed highest antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase activity (554.30 mg KAE/g for fruiting bodies and 412.81 mg KAE/g for mycelia). These extracts were also most active against α-amylase (2.97 mmol ACAE/g for fruiting bodies and 2.25 mmol ACAE/g for mycelia). BChE inhibitory activities ranged from 2.61 to 26.78 mg GALAE/g, with no activity against AChE. Docking studies demonstrated catechin’s affinity for tyrosinase and microbial proteins involved in drug resistance.

Conclusion

All tested mushroom extracts demonstrated potent antimicrobial activities, with ethyl acetate extract showing highest efficacy across all experiments. This superior activity may be partially attributed to its catechin content. Bioinformatics analyses revealed interactions between catechin and specific microbial proteins involved in chemotherapeutic drug resistance, suggesting potential novel pharmacological applications for T. goniospermum extracts.
  • Published in:Antibiotics (Basel),
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/antibiotics9080513
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