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Epidemic Identification of Fungal Diseases in Morchella Cultivation Across China

Summary

This research investigated fungal diseases affecting morel mushroom cultivation in China, identifying the main pathogen responsible for crop losses. The findings are significant for commercial mushroom growers and the agricultural industry. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps protect the supply and affordability of morel mushrooms for consumers • Improves food security by reducing crop losses in mushroom farming • Supports the livelihoods of mushroom farmers through better disease management • Contributes to more sustainable agricultural practices • Enables better quality control in commercial mushroom production

Background

True morels (Morchella) are highly valued edible mushrooms with significant market demand. Since 2012, successful artificial cultivation in China has led to a rapidly growing industry, covering 16,466 hectares in the 2021-2022 season. However, approximately 25% of cultivation areas are affected annually by fungal diseases, impacting production and profitability.

Objective

To identify and characterize the major fungal pathogens affecting morel cultivation across China through a comprehensive analysis of diseased ascocarp samples from multiple cultivation sites. The study aimed to understand the epidemic characteristics and distribution of fungal diseases to support prevention and control strategies.

Results

The study identified Diploöspora longispora (75.48%) as the predominant pathogen, followed by Clonostachys solani (5.04%), Mortierella gamsii (0.83%), Mortierella amoeboidea (0.37%), and Penicillium kongii (0.15%). D. longispora was detected in all samples and showed the highest abundance in 93.75% of cases. Microscopic examination revealed consistent morphological characteristics across samples, with transparent hyphae and distinctive septate conidia.

Conclusion

Diploöspora longispora was identified as the primary pathogen responsible for fungal diseases in morel cultivation across China. Other detected fungi, including C. solani, appear to be secondary pathogens or saprophytes. This study provides crucial information for developing disease prevention and control strategies in commercial morel cultivation.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Epidemiological Survey,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof8101107
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