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Enhancing Phenanthrene Degradation by Burkholderia sp. FM-2 with Rhamnolipid: Mechanistic Insights from Cell Surface Properties and Transcriptomic Analysis

Summary

Scientists studied how a natural soap-like substance called rhamnolipid can help bacteria degrade phenanthrene, a dangerous pollution compound found in oil-contaminated soil. They found that the right amount of this substance makes the bacteria better at breaking down the pollutant by changing the bacteria’s surface properties and activating specific genes. The research shows promise for developing better methods to clean up contaminated environments.

Background

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminate soil and groundwater, posing environmental and health risks. Biosurfactants like rhamnolipids have been explored to enhance PAH biodegradation, though their roles remain controversial. This study examines how rhamnolipids affect phenanthrene degradation by the efficient PAH-degrading bacterium Burkholderia sp. FM-2.

Objective

To investigate the effects of rhamnolipid on phenanthrene solubilization and biodegradation by Burkholderia sp. FM-2, analyzing changes in cell surface properties, gene expression patterns, and enzyme activities at different rhamnolipid concentrations.

Results

Low rhamnolipid concentrations (20-56 mg/L) promoted phenanthrene degradation by enhancing cell surface hydrophobicity, increasing zeta potential, and altering surface morphology and functional groups. At 56 mg/L (1 CMC), phenanthrene degradation exceeded 87% in 36 hours. High concentration (400 mg/L) inhibited degradation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of benzene ring-cleaving enzymes, ABC transporters, and metabolic pathway genes.

Conclusion

Rhamnolipids enhance phenanthrene biodegradation through concentration-dependent mechanisms involving cell surface property modifications and multi-pathway gene regulation. Optimal enhancement occurs at 56 mg/L (1 CMC), balancing solubilization, bioavailability, and minimal cellular stress. Results support surfactant-enhanced bioremediation strategies for PAH-contaminated environments.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research Study,
  • Source: PMID: 41304292
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