Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation

Summary

This research shows how treating the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum with sodium acetate can increase production of beneficial compounds called ganoderic acids. These compounds have important health benefits including fighting cancer, viruses, and inflammation. The study reveals the molecular mechanisms behind how sodium acetate triggers the mushroom to produce more of these valuable compounds. Impacts on everyday life: – Could lead to more efficient production of natural medicines from mushrooms – May help reduce costs of mushroom-based supplements and treatments – Advances understanding of how to enhance beneficial compounds in medicinal mushrooms – Could enable development of more potent natural therapeutic products – Demonstrates sustainable ways to improve medicinal mushroom cultivation

Background

Ganoderic acids (GAs) are highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids responsible for the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antioxidation, and cholesterol reduction functions. While inducer supplementation shows promise for GA production, the mechanisms of GA accumulation in fruiting bodies remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to enhance GAs accumulation in G. lucidum fruiting bodies using sodium acetate as an inducer and explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for its accumulation by analyzing transcriptional responses of key biosynthetic genes, acetyl coenzyme A synthase gene expression, and genes involved in calcineurin signaling.

Results

Sodium acetate supplementation significantly increased GAs content by 28.63% compared to control. Three key GAs biosynthetic genes (hmgs, fps, and sqs) were significantly up-regulated. Analysis showed acetate ion increased expression of genes related to acetic acid assimilation and GAs biosynthesis. Investigation of calcineurin signaling genes revealed Na+ supplementation and Na+/Ca2+ exchange induced GAs biosynthesis.

Conclusion

Sodium acetate effectively enhances GAs accumulation in G. lucidum fruiting bodies through dual mechanisms: acetate ions alter expression of genes related to acetyl-CoA assimilation while Na+ ions enhance cytosolic Ca2+ to induce GAs biosynthesis through the calcineurin signaling pathway. This represents a feasible new approach for enhanced production of valuable GAs content.
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