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Endophytic Alternaria alternata Culture-Derived Elicitor Promotes Growth and Antibacterial Activity in Kalanchoe laetivirens

Summary

Researchers cultivated medicinal Kalanchoe plants in controlled laboratory conditions and exposed them to a powdered form of a beneficial fungus (Alternaria alternata). The plants treated with this fungal extract grew larger, developed more roots, and produced greater amounts of antibacterial compounds compared to untreated plants. The treated plants were especially effective at stopping the growth of two common disease-causing bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). This approach could lead to more efficient production of plant-based medicines.

Background

Kalanchoe species possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties attributed to phenolic compounds. Endophytic fungi can stimulate secondary metabolite production and microbial control in tissue culture. This study evaluates the use of a powdered fungal elicitor from endophytic fungi to enhance bioactive compound production in in vitro-cultivated Kalanchoe laetivirens plantlets.

Objective

To assess the presence of phenolic compounds, growth-promoting effects, and antibacterial activity of in vitro-cultivated Kalanchoe laetivirens plantlets supplemented with a powdered fungal elicitor derived from endophytic Alternaria alternata. The study aimed to identify the most potent endophytic strain and determine its effectiveness in enhancing plant secondary metabolism.

Results

Strain 16 (A. alternata) showed highest antioxidant activity (80%). Elicited in vitro plantlets exhibited enhanced growth with adventitious roots and larger leaves. Ferulic acid was detected exclusively in in vitro-cultivated plantlets, while p-coumaric acid was present in all conditions. Elicited in vitro plantlets demonstrated strongest antibacterial activity (MIC 11.62 mg/mL against both bacteria), with optimal 1:1 ratio of p-coumaric to ferulic acids.

Conclusion

In vitro elicitation with A. alternata-derived powdered fungal elicitor enhances growth and antibacterial activity of K. laetivirens plantlets. The balanced 1:1 ratio of p-coumaric and ferulic acids is critical for optimal antimicrobial efficacy. This approach offers a sustainable biotechnological strategy for producing bioactive compounds and potentially managing phytopathogens.
  • Published in:ACS Omega,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.1021/acsomega.5c06091, PMID: 40852253
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