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Effects of Isaria cateniannulata on the colonization process and enzyme activity of Fagopyrum tataricum seeds during germination

Summary

Researchers discovered that a beneficial fungus called Isaria cateniannulata can colonize buckwheat seeds and improve their germination. When seeds are treated with this fungus, it enters the seed tissues and strengthens the plant’s natural defenses against stress. The treated plants are also more resistant to spider mites, reducing the number of eggs these pests lay. This offers a natural, chemical-free way to improve seed germination and protect crops from harmful insects.

Background

Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) is a nutritious medicinal crop requiring effective seed germination promotion technologies. Isaria cateniannulata is an entomopathogenic fungus capable of endophytic colonization to promote plant growth and provide biocontrol against pests. Previous studies demonstrated its positive effects on buckwheat seed germination, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the colonization process of I. cateniannulata in F. tataricum seeds during germination stages, quantify colonization efficiency and tissue specificity, investigate temporal dynamics of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content triggered by fungal colonization, and evaluate the fungus’s potential to suppress T. urticae populations through oviposition inhibition.

Results

I. cateniannulata successfully colonized all seed tissues within 16 hours, with peak colonization after 5 days showing tissue preference: endosperm > embryo > seed coat. Colonization enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity in the embryo and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Seedlings grown from colonized seeds effectively reduced the number of eggs laid by T. urticae.

Conclusion

This study provides the first demonstration that I. cateniannulata successfully colonizes F. tataricum seeds during germination through spore dissolution and hyphal formation, with preferential endosperm colonization. The fungal colonization activates antioxidant enzyme defense systems and inhibits pest oviposition, establishing a theoretical and practical foundation for developing I. cateniannulata-F. tataricum symbiotic systems.
  • Published in:Virulence,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40754665, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2543062
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