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Effects of Isaria cateniannulata on the colonization process and enzyme activity of Fagopyrum tataricum seeds during germination

Summary

Researchers discovered that a special fungus called Isaria cateniannulata can successfully colonize buckwheat seeds and promote their germination. When seeds are treated with this fungus, the resulting plants produce more protective enzymes that reduce damage from oxidative stress. Additionally, plants grown from fungus-treated seeds are more resistant to spider mites, laying fewer eggs and reducing pest populations. This discovery offers a natural, biotechnology-based approach to improve seed germination and pest control in buckwheat farming.

Background

Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) is a medicinal and edible cereal crop requiring effective seed germination promotion technologies. Isaria cateniannulata is an entomopathogenic fungus that can promote plant growth endophytically and act as a biocontrol agent. Previous studies showed its positive effects on buckwheat seed germination, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the colonization process of I. cateniannulata in F. tataricum seeds during germination stages, quantify colonization efficiency and tissue specificity, investigate temporal dynamics of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content, and evaluate the fungal-colonized seedlings’ potential to suppress T. urticae populations.

Results

I. cateniannulata successfully colonized all seed tissues within 16 hours, with peak colonization rates after 5 days showing preferential rates of endosperm > embryo > seed coat. Colonization enhanced POD activity in the embryo and reduced MDA content. Seedlings grown from colonized seeds effectively reduced the number of eggs laid by T. urticae compared to control groups.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates for the first time that I. cateniannulata can successfully colonize germinating F. tataricum seeds through dissolution zones and mycelial formation. The endophytic colonization enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces oxidative stress while providing biocontrol benefits against T. urticae, providing foundations for developing I. cateniannulata-F. tataricum symbiotic systems.
  • Published in:Virulence,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40754665, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2543062
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