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Effect of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Phytosulfokine-Alpha on Successful Plant Regeneration from Embryogenic Callus-Derived Protoplasts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Summary

Scientists developed a new method to grow garlic plants from isolated plant cells (protoplasts), overcoming previous challenges in this difficult technique. They used special chemicals called SAHA and phytosulfokine to help cells divide and develop into complete plants. The new protocol successfully regenerated over 1,100 garlic plants with a 70% success rate for surviving outside the laboratory, offering new possibilities for garlic breeding and genetic improvement.

Background

Garlic’s vegetative reproduction limits genetic improvement and facilitates disease transmission, necessitating advanced biotechnological tools. Protoplast culture offers significant advantages for genetic engineering and plant regeneration, but efficient protoplast regeneration in monocots remains challenging. This study aimed to establish an optimized protocol for garlic protoplast-to-plant regeneration.

Objective

To establish and optimize a protocol for embryogenic callus induction and subsequent protoplast-to-plant regeneration in garlic using suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK) to overcome current limitations in monocot protoplast culture.

Results

Embryogenic callus was successfully induced from all four accessions with frequencies ranging from 15.3% to 85.4%. Protoplast yields of 0.8 to 2.1 × 10^6 cells/g with 86-89% viability were achieved using 2% cellulase R-10 and 0.2% pectolyase Y23. Short SAHA exposure significantly improved microcallus formation and plant regeneration, achieving 70% acclimatization success with 97% ploidy retention.

Conclusion

The optimized protocol successfully enhanced garlic protoplast regeneration efficiency through SAHA and PSK application, achieving reliable plant regeneration from protoplast-derived callus. This system provides groundwork for advanced biotechnological applications including gene editing technologies in garlic, overcoming previous limitations in monocot protoplast regeneration.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 41516131
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