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Effect of nano-TiO2 size and utilization ratio on the performance of photocatalytic concretes; self-cleaning, fresh, and hardened state properties

Summary

Scientists developed a new type of concrete that can clean itself by breaking down pollutants in water using nano-sized titanium dioxide particles and sunlight. The study tested different sizes and amounts of these nanoparticles to find the best combination for removing textile dyes from wastewater. While the larger nanoparticles worked better for photocatalytic cleaning, the smaller ones made the concrete stronger, suggesting a trade-off between cleaning ability and structural durability.

Background

Air and water pollution from industrialization poses significant environmental and health concerns. Photocatalysis technology using titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as an effective solution for pollution reduction. Concrete is an ideal substrate for photocatalytic reactions due to its large surface area and ability to utilize solar energy and rainwater.

Objective

To investigate the effects of nano-TiO2 (NT) particle size (28 and 38 nm) and utilization ratio (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) on photocatalytic properties, mechanical performance, and fresh state characteristics of photocatalytic self-cleaning mortar (PSCM) mixtures. The study evaluates decolorization of Reactive Black 5 dye and various concrete properties.

Results

The 38 nm NT exhibited superior photocatalytic performance with 89% dye removal. Decolorization kinetics followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Smaller particle size NT (28 nm) showed higher compressive strength with optimal ratio at 1%, while 0.5% NT optimized flexural strength. Larger particle NT (38 nm) demonstrated better abrasion resistance. All NT additions negatively affected flow performance and workability.

Conclusion

Nano-TiO2 successfully enhanced photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of concrete, with larger particle size (38 nm) showing superior photocatalytic performance. The optimal NT utilization rates vary by property measured: 1% for compressive strength, 0.5% for flexural strength. NT addition improves durability but requires higher superplasticizer dosages to maintain workability.
  • Published in:Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.1007/s11356-024-33660-9, PMID: 38760607
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