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Dynamic proteomic changes and ultrastructural insights into Pochonia chlamydosporia’s parasitism of Parascaris equorum eggs

Summary

Scientists studied how a special fungus called Pochonia chlamydosporia attacks and destroys parasitic worm eggs. Using advanced microscopy and protein analysis, they tracked the fungus through three stages of infection and identified the specific proteins and processes it uses to break down the worm eggs. This research helps us understand how this fungus works so it can be better used as a natural pest control method to protect animals from harmful parasites.

Background

Pochonia chlamydosporia is a nematophagous fungus with significant potential as a biocontrol agent against animal-parasitic nematodes. Despite its applications, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its infection process remain poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the dynamic proteomic changes and ultrastructural details of P. chlamydosporia’s parasitism of Parascaris equorum eggs.

Objective

To comprehensively investigate P. chlamydosporia infection dynamics in Parascaris equorum eggs using microscopic and proteomic approaches. The study monitored infection at three distinct stages (early, middle, and late) to identify key pathways and proteins involved in parasitism.

Results

Microscopic observations revealed progressive invasion through three stages with detailed morphological changes. Proteomic analysis identified 410 differentially expressed proteins (313 upregulated and 403 downregulated). GO enrichment analysis showed involvement in cellular stress response, proteolysis, metabolic process, and hydrolase activity. KEGG pathway analysis identified signal transduction, cell wall biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and host-pathogen interaction pathways.

Conclusion

P. chlamydosporia employs a highly coordinated molecular strategy to adapt to and exploit its host through stage-specific protein expression changes. These findings clarify fungal-nematode interactions and provide a foundation for developing P. chlamydosporia as a sustainable tool for integrated pest management and animal-parasitic helminth control.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research Study,
  • Source: PMC12405259, PMID: 40909343, DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1600620
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