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Diversity and Taxonomy of Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Fungi from Indoor Environments

Summary

This research examined fungi commonly found in damp or water-damaged buildings, focusing on the Chaetomium family. The study revealed there are many more species of these fungi in indoor environments than previously known, with some capable of producing harmful substances that can affect human health. The research provides better ways to identify these fungi and understand their potential risks. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps identify harmful fungi that can grow in water-damaged buildings – Improves understanding of health risks from indoor fungal contamination – Assists in proper remediation of fungal contamination in buildings – Contributes to better indoor air quality assessment methods – Aids medical professionals in diagnosing fungal-related health issues

Background

Fungal contamination in damp or water-damaged buildings has become an increasing worldwide problem. Members of the genus Chaetomium can colonize various substrates, degrade cellulose, and produce bioactive metabolites. Some species are important inhalant allergens and can contribute to respiratory symptoms due to mycotoxin production and release of spores and hyphal fragments. Chaetomium globosum is the most common indoor species but little is known about other indoor Chaetomium species and their potential hazards.

Objective

To conduct a global investigation of species diversity of indoor Chaetomiaceae using advanced taxonomy and chemical analysis methods. The study aimed to provide tools for identification of indoor Chaetomiaceae, evaluate their chemical potential, and provide new insights into the phylogeny of this fungal family.

Results

The study identified 30 indoor taxa, including 22 known species and 7 new species. 69% of indoor isolates belonged to six species in the Chaetomium globosum species complex. The remaining species fell into nine separate lineages, leading to the introduction of five new genera: Amesia, Arcopilus, Collariella, Dichotomopilus and Ovatospora. Chaetomium globosum was the most abundant species (74/145 isolates), followed by Ch. cochliodes (17/145), Ch. elatum (6/145) and Botryotrichum piluliferum (5/145). The study documented extensive morphological diversity and metabolite profiles among the species.

Conclusion

The research redefined the generic concept of Chaetomium and provided new insights into phylogenetic relationships within Chaetomiaceae. It revealed higher species diversity of indoor Chaetomiaceae than previously known. The study established new taxonomic classifications and provided detailed morphological and chemical characterizations to aid in species identification. The findings have implications for understanding indoor fungal contamination and potential health impacts.
  • Published in:Studies in Mycology,
  • Study Type:Taxonomic Study,
  • Source: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.005
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