Disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV patient with hepatitis C as the associated risk factor

Author: mycolabadmin
3/19/2025
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Summary

A 29-year-old patient with HIV and hepatitis C developed a serious fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that spread to the brain. The infection was diagnosed through blood and spinal fluid tests and treated successfully with antifungal medications. This case shows why it is important to recognize and treat fungal infections quickly in people with weakened immune systems and multiple health conditions.

Background

Cryptococcosis is a significant opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients, accounting for approximately 152,000 deaths in 2020 due to cryptococcal meningitis. This case presents a complex clinical scenario involving disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with coexisting HIV and hepatitis C infections, highlighting the challenges in managing multiple comorbidities.

Objective

This study aimed to present a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a 29-year-old male with HIV infection, hepatitis C, and a history of intravenous drug abuse, and to elucidate the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies employed in management.

Results

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew Cryptococcus neoformans, confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Immunochromatographic testing was positive in both CSF and serum samples. The patient responded well to liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole therapy with improvement of neurological symptoms and renal function during hospitalization.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing patients with complex medical histories involving multiple comorbidities. Early recognition and treatment of opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality.

Published in:Current Medical Mycology,
Study Type:Case Report,
Source: PMID: 41122115, DOI: 10.22034/cmm.2025.345248.1600