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Diagnostic Approaches to Invasive Candidiasis: Challenges and New Perspectives

Summary

Invasive candidiasis is a dangerous fungal infection affecting critically ill hospital patients. Current testing methods like blood cultures are slow and unreliable, so doctors are developing faster tests using DNA detection and biomarkers. A combination of new diagnostic tools and prompt treatment with antifungal medications is essential to improve survival rates and reduce complications from this serious infection.

Background

Invasive candidiasis is a serious fungal infection affecting 2-10% of ICU patients, caused by Candida species. Traditional diagnostic methods like blood culture have limited sensitivity and prolonged turnaround times, necessitating development of advanced diagnostic approaches.

Objective

To review current diagnostic approaches for invasive candidiasis including molecular methods and biomarkers, highlighting challenges and emerging perspectives for improving early detection and patient outcomes.

Results

Blood culture remains the gold standard but has low sensitivity (50-75%). Newer approaches including T2Candida, PCR-based methods, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan detection show faster identification but variable sensitivities. Siderophores emerge as promising candidate biomarkers for fungal infection diagnosis.

Conclusion

A multifaceted approach combining novel biomarkers, rapid molecular diagnostics, and optimized treatment strategies is essential to improve patient outcomes. Continuous operation of clinical microbiology laboratories and integration of novel diagnostic tools with conventional methods offer comprehensive diagnostic strategies.
  • Published in:Mycopathologia,
  • Study Type:Narrative Review,
  • Source: PMID: 41387569, DOI: 10.1007/s11046-025-01035-4
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