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Development and Transfer of Microbial Agrobiotechnologies in Contrasting Agrosystems: Experience of Kazakhstan and China

Summary

Microbial consortia—communities of beneficial microorganisms—offer promising solutions to modern agriculture’s challenges by enhancing plant growth, improving stress tolerance, and restoring soil health. China has successfully integrated these microbial products into farming through strong government support and research infrastructure, while Kazakhstan has the scientific knowledge but faces funding and implementation challenges. This comparative study shows that adopting these technologies requires both scientific advancement and practical support systems tailored to each country’s specific needs.

Background

Modern agriculture faces interconnected challenges including rising costs of chemical fertilizers, soil degradation, and arable land reduction. Microbial consortia (MCs) represent a promising biotechnological approach to enhance plant nutrition, stress tolerance, and soil health. This review examines the development and implementation of MCs in two countries with different levels of economic development: China and Kazakhstan.

Objective

To summarize current scientific knowledge on the application of microbial consortia in agriculture and analyze technology transfer between countries with different levels of economic development, comparing successful integration in China with implementation challenges in Kazakhstan.

Results

China has successfully integrated MCs into agricultural practice through strong governmental support, robust scientific infrastructure, and effective coordination with the private sector, achieving results in crop protection, abiotic stress tolerance, biofertilization, and bioremediation. Kazakhstan possesses strong research foundations but faces challenges including limited funding, underdeveloped extension infrastructure, and fragmented technology transfer systems, with adoption rates below 10%.

Conclusion

Successful implementation of microbial consortia requires establishment of multi-level innovation ecosystems encompassing development and deployment cycles. Adapting Chinese models to Kazakhstan requires consideration of local specificities and strengthening of intergovernmental cooperation to improve agricultural productivity and food security.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMC12297941, PMID: 40733445
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