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Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 concentrations in cheese puffs made from corn flour in Iran

Summary

Researchers tested 27 cheese puff snack packages from three popular Iranian brands to check for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins are harmful toxins produced by mold that can contaminate corn-based foods. All samples showed detectable aflatoxin levels, but fortunately, none exceeded the safe limits set by Iran or the European Union. However, experts recommend continuous monitoring of these products because even low-level aflatoxin exposure over time could harm health, especially in children who consume these snacks frequently.

Background

Corn is highly susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, particularly aflatoxins, which pose substantial health risks to humans and animals. Cheese puffs are widely consumed snacks worldwide, especially among children and adolescents, yet their aflatoxin contamination levels have not been comprehensively evaluated in Iran.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in cheese puffs prepared from corn flour produced by three popular Iranian brands sold in Tehran chain stores.

Results

Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in all three brands, with the highest concentrations observed in specimens A1 (1.35 ng/mL), B2 (0.95 ng/mL), and C2 (1.22 ng/mL). All measured aflatoxin concentrations were below the permissible limits established by both Iran (5 µg/kg) and the European Union (2 ppb).

Conclusion

Although aflatoxin concentrations in the examined cheese puffs were below regulatory limits, continuous monitoring and control of aflatoxin levels in corn-based products is necessary due to potential long-term health effects even at low exposure levels. Implementation of controlling factors throughout planting, harvesting, storage, and processing stages is essential for consumer protection.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Cross-sectional descriptive study,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-025-87817-8; PMID: 40442344
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