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Dectin-1 and dectin-2 drive protection against Sporothrix brasiliensis in experimental sporotrichosis

Summary

Scientists studied how the body’s immune system defends against Sporothrix brasiliensis, a dangerous fungus spreading through Latin America. They found that two immune receptors called dectin-1 and dectin-2 are crucial for fighting this infection by activating killer T cells and controlling regulatory T cells. Surprisingly, a cytokine called IL-17, commonly associated with fungal defense, actually helps maintain tissue integrity rather than directly killing the fungus.

Background

Sporothrix brasiliensis is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for epidemic outbreaks of sporotrichosis in Latin America, particularly Brazil. The fungus exhibits higher aggressiveness and zoonotic transmission compared to other Sporothrix species, but the immunological mechanisms of protection are not fully characterized.

Objective

To investigate the contribution of C-type lectin receptors dectin-1 and dectin-2 against S. brasiliensis infection in a murine model of disseminated sporotrichosis and determine their role in protective immunity.

Results

Dectin-1 and dectin-2 were essential for host survival and fungal restriction. Their protective mechanism was linked to shaping the T cell response, particularly regulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells, rather than through conventional TH17 responses. IL-17 contributed to host defense but was not involved in restricting fungal growth.

Conclusion

Dectin-1 and dectin-2 are critical determinants of protection against S. brasiliensis, but their effector function operates independently of IL-17-driven responses. These findings expand understanding of the pathophysiology of sporotrichosis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Immunology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Animal Study,
  • Source: PMID: 41080603, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668445
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