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Comparison of Two Schizophyllum commune Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation

Summary

This research investigated how mushroom extracts from Schizophyllum commune could potentially help treat Alzheimer’s disease and act as natural antioxidants. The study found that different parts of the mushroom produced compounds that could help prevent the breakdown of an important brain chemical involved in memory and thinking, while also providing antioxidant benefits. Impact on everyday life: – Could lead to new natural treatments for Alzheimer’s disease with fewer side effects – Demonstrates potential for using mushrooms as sources of natural medicines – Shows how different growing conditions can affect medicinal properties of mushrooms – Provides evidence for developing more sustainable pharmaceutical production methods

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have destructive effects on cells and cause oxidative stress, potentially leading to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChI) are used to treat AD symptoms, current options have bioavailability issues and side effects, creating a need for new natural AChI compounds. Mushrooms have recently been recognized as producers of non-alkaloid AChE inhibitors and natural antioxidants.

Objective

This study aimed to examine and compare the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, antioxidative properties, and antibacterial activity of two different Schizophyllum commune strains originating from Serbia (SRB) and Italy (IT) using submerged cultivation methods.

Results

PSH extracts showed the strongest AChE inhibition activity, with SRB strain mycelium after 28 days showing IC90 of 79.73 μg/mL. For EtOH extracts, IT strain fermentation broth after 14 days showed best results with IC50 of 0.8 μg/mL. PSH extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity after 7 days, while EtOH extracts peaked at 14 and 21 days. Only two extracts showed antibacterial activity. LC-MS/MS analysis identified p-hydroxybenzoic and gallic acids as the most abundant phenolic compounds.

Conclusion

This is the first report describing AChE inhibitory activity of PSH extracts from submerged cultivation of S. commune. The study demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors influence metabolite production and bioactivity. The results suggest S. commune could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants and AChE inhibitors, with potential applications in AD therapy. Submerged fermentation appears to be an effective method for producing these bioactive compounds.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof7020115
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