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Comparative transcriptomics uncovers poplar and fungal genetic determinants of ectomycorrhizal compatibility

Summary

This research reveals the genetic ‘conversation’ between poplar tree roots and fungal partners that determines whether they form beneficial relationships. Scientists compared how different fungal species interact with poplar roots, identifying which genes turn on and off to allow compatible partnerships to develop. The study found that successful symbiosis requires careful coordination of plant defenses and fungal signaling molecules, particularly at the critical early stages of contact.

Background

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is crucial for nutrient cycling and forest ecosystem functioning, involving associations between tree roots and fungal partners. However, the host and fungal genetic determinants governing mycorrhizal compatibility remain largely unknown. Understanding these molecular factors is essential for comprehending how compatible ECM associations form.

Objective

To identify genetic determinants governing ectomycorrhizal compatibility between poplar roots and fungal associates through comparative transcriptomic analysis. The study examined seven independent interactions between poplar roots and six different ECM fungi, analyzing both compatible and non-compatible interactions to elucidate molecular mechanisms.

Results

Identified 125 early-stage and 138 mature-stage core ECM genes in poplar, subdivided into general fungal-sensing and ECM-specific components. Key findings included fungal modulation of plant jasmonic acid defenses, regulation of secretory pathways, upregulation of fungal small secreted proteins, and downregulation of plant peroxidases and cell wall remodeling proteins. Pisolithus microcarpus established compatible interactions while P. tinctorius and Scleroderma citrinum did not, showing differential expression patterns of information storage genes.

Conclusion

The study reveals that ECM compatibility depends on coordinated temporal dynamics of gene regulation in both plant and fungal partners, including modulation of plant immunity, secretome dynamics, and cell wall remodeling. These findings provide molecular insights into mycorrhizal compatibility determinants and establish a comprehensive transcriptomic resource for understanding ECM symbiosis establishment.
  • Published in:The Plant Journal,
  • Study Type:Comparative Transcriptomics Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40700644
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