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Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis and Antitumor Activity of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae

Summary

Two species of medicinal fungi were studied to understand why one was better at fighting cancer cells. Researchers analyzed the chemicals, genes, and proteins in both fungi and found that Phylloporia crataegi had much higher levels of cancer-fighting compounds and activated special cellular defense pathways that harm cancer cells. This research shows that medicinal fungi could be promising sources for developing new cancer treatments.

Background

Wood-decay fungi in the Phylloporia genus have demonstrated diverse bioactivities including antitumor, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. While Phylloporia lonicerae has been extensively studied, P. crataegi and P. fontanesiae remain relatively understudied despite their medicinal potential. This study aimed to fill this research gap through comprehensive analysis.

Objective

To conduct a comparative analysis of the antitumor activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae from Shandong Province. The study integrated in vitro assays with metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to elucidate differences in their pharmacological properties.

Results

P. crataegi ethanol extract showed superior antitumor activity with IC50 of 1.310 ± 0.052 mg/ml against Eca-109 cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed P. crataegi contained 310.13-fold higher diaminopimelic acid and 60.86-fold higher trans-cinnamic acid compared to P. fontanesiae. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified upregulation of genes and proteins involved in IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, ATPase activity, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways.

Conclusion

P. crataegi demonstrates superior antitumor activity through multiple synergistic mechanisms including accumulation of differential metabolites (trans-cinnamic acid, AMP, guanosine 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate), upregulation of cellular stress response pathways, and enhanced metabolic capacity. These findings provide molecular evidence supporting Phylloporia species as valuable resources for drug discovery and therapeutic development.
  • Published in:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
  • Study Type:Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis,
  • Source: 10.4014/jmb.2504.04029 | PMID: 40877012
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