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Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis and Antitumor Activity of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae

Summary

This research compares two medicinal fungi species to understand why one is more effective at fighting cancer. Scientists used advanced techniques to analyze genes, proteins, and chemical compounds in both fungi. They found that Phylloporia crataegi contains higher levels of beneficial compounds like trans-cinnamic acid that can kill cancer cells and boost immune response. This discovery could help develop new cancer treatments from medicinal fungi.

Background

Wood-decay fungi in the Phylloporia genus have demonstrated diverse bioactivities including antitumor, immune-modulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. While research has focused primarily on Phylloporia lonicerae, the closely related species P. crataegi and P. fontanesiae remain relatively understudied despite their therapeutic potential.

Objective

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the antitumor activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of P. crataegi and P. fontanesiae from Shandong Province using comprehensive multi-omics approaches including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses.

Results

P. crataegi ethanol extract (PCCT) demonstrated superior antitumor activity with IC50 of 1.310 mg/ml against Eca-109 cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed significantly higher levels of trans-cinnamic acid (60.86-fold), AMP (7.07-fold), and trehalose 6-phosphate (18.09-fold) in P. crataegi. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified upregulation of genes and proteins involved in IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, ATPase activity, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways.

Conclusion

P. crataegi exhibits superior antitumor activity through multiple integrated molecular mechanisms involving differential metabolite accumulation and enhanced cellular stress responses. The study demonstrates that Phylloporia species represent valuable resources for drug discovery and provides a theoretical foundation for therapeutic development against various cancers.
  • Published in:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
  • Study Type:Comparative Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40877012, DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2504.04029
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