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Clinical aspects and recent advances in fungal diseases impacting human health

Summary

Fungal infections are becoming a major health threat, affecting over a billion people worldwide. The main problems are difficulty diagnosing these infections, increasing resistance to current medications, and limited treatment options. Doctors and the public need better awareness, and new antifungal drugs with different approaches are needed to effectively treat resistant infections.

Background

Fungal diseases affect more than a billion people globally, ranging from allergies to life-threatening invasive fungal infections. The burden of fungal infections is increasing due to emergence of new pathogens, resistant strains, diagnostic challenges, and limited treatment options.

Objective

This review explores key aspects of fungal diseases in humans, including epidemiology, clinical challenges, diagnostic difficulties, antifungal resistance, and recent advances in treatment options and novel antifungal agents.

Results

The review identifies major challenges including limited public awareness, diagnostic difficulties, rise of resistant molds, increasing susceptible populations, and limited treatment options. Recent approvals include ibrexafungerp, oteseconazole, and rezafungin, with olorofim and fosmanogepix under Phase 3 evaluation.

Conclusion

Addressing fungal disease challenges requires a multifaceted approach including increased awareness, improved diagnostics, better surveillance, responsible antifungal use, and development of novel agents with broad-spectrum activity and alternative mechanisms of action.
  • Published in:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 40085539, DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaf004
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