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Chlorophyllum molybdites-synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO-NPs): morphology, biocompatibility, and anticancer properties against liver cancer (HepG2) cell line

Summary

Researchers successfully created tiny manganese oxide particles using a wild mushroom called Chlorophyllum molybdites through an environmentally friendly process. These nanoparticles showed strong cancer-fighting ability against liver cancer cells and were effective against a parasite that causes leishmaniasis. The particles were safe for human use with minimal damage to healthy blood cells, making them promising candidates for developing new cancer and parasitic disease treatments.

Background

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using fungi offers an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Manganese oxide nanoparticles possess versatile properties including ferromagnetism, redox activity, and catalytic efficiency with potential biomedical applications. This study investigates the use of wild mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites for green synthesis of MnO-NPs.

Objective

To synthesize and characterize manganese oxide nanoparticles using Chlorophyllum molybdites extract and evaluate their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and anticancer efficacy against HepG2 liver cancer cells and antileishmanial activity.

Results

MnO-NPs exhibited spherical morphology with average size of 19.85 nm and confirmed crystalline structure. Minimal hemolysis (0.109 ± 0.05% at 400 µg/mL) indicated good biocompatibility. IC50 value of 50 µg/mL against HepG2 cells demonstrated significant anticancer potential with dose-dependent cell viability reduction and apoptosis induction. Antileishmanial activity showed IC50 values of 250 µg/mL and 224 µg/mL for promastigotes and amastigotes respectively.

Conclusion

Chlorophyllum molybdites-mediated MnO-NPs demonstrate promising multifunctional biomedical applications as anticancer and antiparasitic agents while maintaining environmental sustainability. The nanoparticles exhibit enhanced efficacy compared to MnO alone or mushroom extract alone, suggesting synergistic effects of fungal metabolites. Further research is needed to establish in vivo efficacy and clinical translation of these mycosynthesized nanoparticles.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-025-93818-4, PMID: 40610656
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