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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Psilocybe Mushrooms: Gaps and Perspectives

Summary

This review examined research on Psilocybe mushrooms and their chemical compounds, particularly psilocybin and psilocin, which show promise for treating depression and anxiety. The authors found that while these psychoactive compounds have been extensively studied, many other chemical substances in these mushrooms remain unexplored. Additionally, preliminary studies suggest these mushrooms may have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, though more research is needed. The review highlights significant gaps in understanding the full potential of Psilocybe mushrooms for medical applications.

Background

Psilocybe mushrooms are known for producing tryptamine alkaloids, particularly psilocybin and psilocin, which have demonstrated antidepressant and anxiolytic potential. These compounds have structural similarity to serotonin, a neurotransmitter related to mood regulation. Despite growing research interest, no comprehensive reviews have synthesized available literature on the chemical diversity and biological properties of these mushrooms.

Objective

To synthesize published data regarding the biological properties and chemical composition of Psilocybe mushrooms, identify gaps in current research, and highlight future perspectives for investigation of these organisms.

Results

Analysis of 74 articles identified 37 chemical compounds across 32 Psilocybe species, with 23 being alkaloids. Major compounds included psilocybin (0.0008-2.02% concentration) and psilocin (0.01-1.27%). Four studies demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Most research focused on psychoactive alkaloids with limited investigation of other biological activities or isolated compound testing.

Conclusion

Psilocybe mushrooms remain chemically underexplored with only alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds identified. Future research should focus on isolating novel compounds and evaluating biological activities beyond psychoactivity to expand understanding of therapeutic potential and alternative applications of these organisms.
  • Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel),
  • Study Type:Systematic Review,
  • Source: PMID: 40732278; DOI: 10.3390/ph18070989
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