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Characterization of the Enzymatic and Biosorption Processes Involved in the Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye by Pleurotus ostreatus Pellets

Summary

Researchers used oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) pellets to remove toxic blue dye commonly found in textile wastewater. The study found that these mushroom pellets achieved 98.5% dye removal through multiple mechanisms: special enzymes (laccase and peroxidase) that break down the dye molecules, and physical absorption where the dye sticks to the mushroom cells. The mushroom could also use the dye as a food source, making this an effective and sustainable approach for cleaning industrial wastewater.

Background

Synthetic dyes, particularly anthraquinone dyes like Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), are highly recalcitrant pollutants discharged in large volumes in industrial wastewater. White-rot fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus possess robust extracellular enzymatic systems with potential for environmental bioremediation applications. Biological methods for dye degradation offer potentially effective options for treating these synthetic products.

Objective

To evaluate the decolorization of RBBR dye by Pleurotus ostreatus pellets in submerged culture and determine the contribution of biosorption and enzymatic degradation mechanisms. The study assessed dye removal capacity using live and inactivated pellets as well as cell-free extracellular extracts.

Results

Maximum decolorization of 98.5% was achieved in culture broth and 98.0% with extracellular extract within 144 hours. Laccase and dye-decolorizing peroxidase activities increased significantly in presence of dye. Biosorption by inactivated pellets reached 17 mg/g dye capacity. Results indicate enzymatic degradation is the primary mechanism, with simultaneous biosorption and bioaccumulation processes.

Conclusion

Pleurotus ostreatus demonstrates efficient RBBR decolorization through enzymatic degradation as the primary mechanism, supported by concurrent biosorption and bioaccumulation processes. The fungus appears to utilize the dye as a carbon source. Laccase and dye-decolorizing peroxidase are key enzymes induced by dye presence, demonstrating the fungus’s potential for short-term dye bioremediation.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40863524, DOI: 10.3390/jof11080572
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