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Characterization of Homeodomain Proteins at the Aβ Sublocus in Schizophyllum commune and Their Role in Sexual Compatibility and Development

Summary

This study reveals how a split-gill mushroom called Schizophyllum commune controls its sexual reproduction and fruiting body development through specific protein interactions. Scientists identified four key proteins at a genetic locus that work together in pairs to enable sexual compatibility between different mushroom strains. Understanding these genetic mechanisms helps create improved varieties of this edible and medicinal mushroom with better nutritional and pharmaceutical properties.

Background

The A mating-type locus in Schizophyllum commune encodes homeodomain transcription factors essential for regulating sexual compatibility and development. While the Aα sublocus and its Y-Z HD protein complex are well understood, the function of HD proteins at the Aβ sublocus remains unclear despite its importance in fungal reproduction.

Objective

To analyze the Aβ sublocus in eight monokaryotic S. commune strains, identify HD genes, characterize their protein interactions, and determine their functional roles in sexual compatibility and fruiting body development.

Results

Four HD genes were identified at the Aβ sublocus encoding two HD1 proteins (S and Q) and two HD2 proteins (R and V) arranged in head-to-head pairs. R-S and V-Q protein interactions independently regulate sexual compatibility and fruiting body development through non-self-recognition mechanisms similar to the Aα sublocus.

Conclusion

The Aβ sublocus is essential for coordinating HD protein activity during fungal mating and sexual reproduction. These findings advance understanding of the molecular basis of fungal mating systems and provide valuable insights for breeding improved edible and medicinal S. commune strains.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Original Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40558964, DOI: 10.3390/jof11060451
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