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Characterization of Fusarium Diversity and Head Microbiota Associated with Rice Spikelet Rot Disease

Summary

Rice spikelet rot disease is a serious problem affecting rice crops in China. Researchers identified five different Fusarium fungal species causing this disease in the Hangzhou region. The study found that two fungal species work together to cause the disease, and that temperature affects how well the fungi grow. Understanding which fungi are present locally will help farmers develop better strategies to prevent and control this damaging disease.

Background

Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is a major threat to rice production in China, affecting yield and quality. The disease is caused by multiple fungal species including Fusarium spp., which are economically important pathogens that produce mycotoxins harmful to humans and livestock.

Objective

To identify and characterize Fusarium species causing RSRD in the Hangzhou region of Zhejiang Province and analyze the fungal diversity and correlations between Fusarium and other fungi in diseased versus healthy rice spikelets.

Results

Five Fusarium species were identified: F. sulawesiense (41.2%), F. asiaticum (37.3%), F. luffae, F. fujikuroi, and F. commune. F. asiaticum and F. commune were newly discovered as RSRD pathogens. Fungal diversity was higher in diseased spikelets, and Fusarium and Curvularia showed positive correlation in diseased samples. Optimal growth temperature varied by species, with F. sulawesiense and F. commune preferring 30°C while others preferred 25°C.

Conclusion

Multiple Fusarium species cause RSRD in Zhejiang Province with different temperature optima. Curvularia spp. and Fusarium spp. are co-pathogens in RSRD development. Understanding local pathogen diversity and characteristics is essential for developing targeted control measures against this emerging rice disease.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Observational Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40431096, DOI: 10.3390/plants14101531
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