Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Interaction, with Focus on the Role of Eicosanoids

Summary

This research examines how two common disease-causing microorganisms – a fungus (Candida albicans) and a bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) – interact with each other and affect human health. The study reveals that these microbes engage in chemical warfare, producing various compounds that can either harm each other or alter their behavior, while simultaneously affecting the human immune system. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps explain why some infections, particularly in cystic fibrosis patients, are difficult to treat – Provides insights that could lead to better treatments for mixed fungal-bacterial infections – Demonstrates why some common medications like aspirin might affect infection outcomes – Shows how understanding microbial interactions could improve hospital infection control – Highlights the importance of considering multiple organisms when treating infections

Background

Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are commonly found together in mixed infections, especially in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Both pathogens can form resistant biofilms and frequently infect immunocompromised individuals. Their interaction includes both physical contact and secreted factors, and is mainly antagonistic in nature.

Objective

This review aims to evaluate the complex cross-kingdom relationship between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, examining their interactions and communication mechanisms, as well as their effects on host cells. Special attention is given to the immunomodulatory lipids (eicosanoids) produced by both microorganisms and the host, and their potential role during infection.

Results

The review found that P. aeruginosa can kill C. albicans hyphal cells but not yeast cells through various mechanisms including pyocyanin production. Both organisms produce quorum sensing molecules that affect each other’s behavior. P. aeruginosa produces molecules that inhibit C. albicans filamentation, while C. albicans produces farnesol that affects P. aeruginosa signaling. Both organisms can produce and respond to eicosanoids, which play important roles in host immune modulation during infection.

Conclusion

The interaction between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa is multifaceted, involving various virulence factors including morphogenesis, hypermutability and secreted factors like lipid mediators. Their antagonistic relationship causes substantial host damage during their chemical warfare. While the role of lipid mediators in single-pathogen infections is well studied, more research is needed to understand their role in polymicrobial infections involving these two organisms.
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