Build Your Own Mushroom Soil: Microbiota Succession and Nutritional Accumulation in Semi-Synthetic Substratum Drive the Fructification of a Soil-Saprotrophic Morel

Summary

This research explored how to grow valuable morel mushrooms using artificial soil made from quartz particles and compost instead of regular farmland soil. The study shows that successful morel cultivation depends on having the right mix of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients in the growing medium. Here’s how this impacts everyday life: • Provides a more controlled and reliable way to cultivate expensive gourmet morel mushrooms • Demonstrates potential for growing high-value crops without depending on natural soil • Shows how managing beneficial microorganisms can improve crop production • Offers insights for developing more sustainable mushroom farming methods • Could help make prized morel mushrooms more widely available and affordable

Background

Black morel, a prized culinary delicacy, was once an uncultivable soil-saprotrophic ascomycete mushroom that can now be cultivated routinely in farmland soils. It acquires carbon nutrients from aboveground nutritional supplementation, while the role of morel mycelium and associated microbiota in metabolizing and accumulating specific nutrients to support fructification remains unknown.

Objective

To investigate how morel mycelium together with associated microbiota in the substratum metabolizes and accumulates specific nutrients to support fructification using a semi-synthetic substratum of quartz particles mixed with compost as a replacement and mimic of soil.

Results

The C1 substratum, which produced the highest morel yield, possessed higher abundances of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi. Compared to C2 and NC, the microbiota in C1 could limit over-expansion of microorganisms harboring N-fixing genes during fructification. The C1 substratum accumulated more lipids and maintained appropriate forms of nitrogenous substances to support morel fructification.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated successful growing and fruiting of soil-saprotrophic black morel in a semi-synthetic substratum, where morel mycelium colonizes with a cortege of microbiota, decomposes organic matter and accumulates lipids to supply fructification. Nitrogen nutrients are essential but must be in appropriate forms. The findings contribute to understanding microbial ecological mechanisms triggering morel fructification.
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