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Biocomposites Based on Mould Biomass and Waste Fibres for the Production of Agrotextiles: Technology Development, Material Characterization, and Agricultural Application

Summary

Researchers developed a new eco-friendly material made from mould mycelium combined with waste plant fibres that can be used as a substitute for synthetic agricultural textiles. The material successfully grows in about 5 days, can be completely biodegraded in soil within 10 days, and helps seeds germinate faster. This innovation supports sustainable farming by eliminating microplastic pollution from traditional synthetic crop covers while providing better properties than many conventional alternatives.

Background

Growing interest in sustainability has driven the search for raw materials aligned with circular economy principles. Mycelium-bound biocomposites reinforced with waste-based additives offer promising materials for modern applications. While extensive research exists on higher fungal biocomposites, production of mould mycelium-based biocomposites remains largely unreported in literature.

Objective

To develop a method for producing biocomposites based on mould mycelium and plant fibrous materials for agricultural applications. Specific objectives included screening fast-growing moulds, determining optimal growth conditions, designing biocomposite compositions, evaluating material properties, and assessing agricultural effectiveness for seed germination.

Results

C. cladosporioides produced optimal mycelium at 28°C with 60 g/L beet molasses and 10 g/L soy peptone. Biocomposites containing 10-20% mycelium with BSK pulp, cotton, and hemp showed best properties including good mechanical strength, low water permeability, and high air permeability. The biocomposite was fully biodegradable in soil within 10 days and shortened onion seed germination time.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the potential of mould mycelium for producing high-quality biomaterials suitable for horticultural applications. The developed biocomposites showed improved mechanical and permeability properties, full biodegradability, and positive effects on seed germination. This approach supports circular economy principles by utilizing waste mould biomass as an alternative to synthetic agrotextiles.
  • Published in:Materials (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/ma17246084, PMID: 39769684
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