Bidirectional Propagation of Signals and Nutrients in Fungal Networks via Specialized Hyphae
- Author: mycolabadmin
- 2019-01-21
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Summary
This research revealed how fungi transport nutrients and defensive signals through their thread-like networks using specialized cellular highways. Scientists discovered that certain fungal threads can act like two-way streets, alternating the direction of transport every few hours to efficiently move resources and warning signals across the fungal colony. This discovery helps explain how fungi can thrive in varying environments and defend themselves against threats.
Impacts on everyday life:
– Improved understanding of how fungi distribute nutrients could help optimize mushroom cultivation for food production
– Better knowledge of fungal defense mechanisms could lead to more effective crop protection strategies
– Insights into natural transport networks could inspire more efficient design of human-made distribution systems
– Understanding fungal communication networks could help develop new approaches for controlling harmful fungi
– This research could lead to applications in biotechnology and sustainable agriculture
Background
Fungal mycelia are syncytial networks of interconnected hyphae that can reach considerable dimensions, exposing different parts to varying environmental conditions. Understanding how fungi adjust nutrient gradients and coordinate defense responses across their networks has been limited by available technologies for examining different mycelial regions microscopically over time.
Objective
To visualize and analyze how the vegetative mycelium of a basidiomycete responds to two different stimuli: locally administered nutrient analogs and spatially confined predation by fungivorous nematodes. The study aimed to understand mechanisms of long-distance signal propagation and nutrient transport in fungal networks.
Results
Both nutrient distribution and defense responses showed long-distance propagation in specialized trunk hyphae, occurring bidirectionally in both acropetal and basipetal directions. The direction alternated every 3 hours within individual hyphae. Transport occurred via coordinated bulk flow rather than simple diffusion. The same hyphal subtype transported both defense signals and nutrient analogs but in mutually exclusive patterns when triggered from opposite directions.
Conclusion
The study revealed previously undescribed mechanisms in multicellular fungi for coordinating nutrient distribution and behavioral responses to predators via specialized transport hyphae. These hyphae exhibit periodic bidirectional transport through coordinated changes in septal pore states, allowing efficient distribution of both nutrients and defense signals across the mycelial network.
- Published in:Current Biology,
- Study Type:Laboratory Research,
- Source: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.058