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Analysis of the correlation between the distribution of microorganisms carried by Coix seed and fungal toxins, and the biological control of aflatoxin

Summary

Coix seeds are popular in traditional Chinese medicine and food, but they can become contaminated with harmful fungi that produce toxins called mycotoxins. This study examined which fungi grow in Coix seeds from different regions and found that certain bacteria called Bacillus can effectively prevent dangerous mold from growing and producing toxins. By using these beneficial bacteria, producers can keep Coix seeds safer for people to consume as medicine or food.

Background

Coix seed is a valuable medicinal and edible crop widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and food applications. However, contamination with fungi and mycotoxins during storage, transportation, and processing poses serious health risks. Understanding fungal communities and their correlation with mycotoxin accumulation is crucial for ensuring product safety.

Objective

This study aimed to detect fungi in Coix seed samples from different maturity stages and regions using high-throughput sequencing and analyze their correlation with mycotoxin content. The research also sought to identify potential biocontrol agents to inhibit fungal growth and toxin production.

Results

No fungal infection was detected from seed filling to maturity, but diverse fungal communities were present in mature seeds with regional variations. Ascomycota dominated in some regions while Basidiomycota dominated in others. Bacillus species showed negative correlation with all detected mycotoxins, and Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus tequilensis effectively inhibited Aspergillus flavus and reduced aflatoxin production by at least four-fold.

Conclusion

The study provides essential data on fungal diversity and mycotoxin profiles in Coix seeds across different regions. Bacillus strains demonstrate potential as effective biocontrol agents for preventing fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation. Implementing targeted strategies using biocontrol measures and improved storage practices can enhance the safety and quality of Coix seeds for medicinal and dietary applications.
  • Published in:Current Research in Food Science,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40226797, DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101040
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