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A review on microbe–mineral transformations and their impact on plant growth

Summary

Soil microorganisms are crucial partners that help plants access nutrients locked in soil minerals. Bacteria and fungi produce special acids and molecules that dissolve minerals, making nutrients like phosphorus, iron, and zinc available for plant roots to absorb. This natural process reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and helps plants grow stronger while cleaning up contaminated soils.

Background

Microorganisms play fundamental roles in mineral transformation processes and biogeochemical cycling, regulating nutrient availability in soils. Essential microbial activities such as phosphate solubilization, iron chelation, and sulfur oxidation enhance nutrient uptake in plants and support sustainable agricultural practices.

Objective

This review examines the mechanisms by which microbes facilitate mineral dissolution, precipitation, and transformation, with focus on how these processes regulate macronutrient and micronutrient availability in soils. The review emphasizes microbial-driven mineral transformations for improving soil fertility, fostering plant growth, and advancing bioremediation strategies.

Results

The review identifies critical microbial processes including mineral dissolution and precipitation, nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium and Azotobacter, phosphate solubilization by Bacillus and Pseudomonas species, and iron chelation through siderophore production. Case studies demonstrate significant improvements in crop yields and nutrient uptake when plants are inoculated with beneficial microorganisms.

Conclusion

Microbe-mineral interactions are indispensable for improving soil fertility, fostering plant growth, and bolstering ecosystem resilience. The exploration of these microbial processes reveals significant potential for advancing bioremediation strategies and developing biofertilizers as sustainable solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and address environmental challenges.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMC12350396, 40822401
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