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A New Galactoglucomannan from the Mycelium of the Medicinal Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps cicadae and its Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Summary

This research identified a new compound from the parasitic fungus Cordyceps cicadae that could boost immune system function. The study shows this fungus could be a more accessible alternative to the expensive and rare medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis. Impacts on everyday life: – Provides a more affordable source of immune-boosting natural medicine – Offers potential new treatments for immune system disorders – Could help reduce reliance on rare and expensive medicinal mushrooms – Demonstrates the value of exploring alternative natural medicine sources – May lead to new dietary supplement development

Background

Cordyceps cicadae is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the genus Cordyceps that grows inside the nymph of hosts like Cicada flammata Distant and Platylomia pieli Kato. While Cordyceps sinensis has been widely studied and used in traditional Chinese medicine, C. cicadae has not received as much attention despite having similar bioactive compounds and being more abundant in South China. Research over the past decades has shown C. cicadae contains similar components to C. sinensis including nucleosides, sterols, cyclic dipeptides, polysaccharides and aromatic compounds.

Objective

To isolate and characterize a new galactoglucomannan polysaccharide (C-0-1) from C. cicadae mycelium and evaluate its immunomodulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, to compare its structural and functional similarities with polysaccharides from C. sinensis to assess C. cicadae’s potential as an alternative medicinal fungus.

Results

A new galactoglucomannan (C-0-1) was isolated with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa, consisting of galactose, glucose, and mannose in a 5:1:4 ratio. The polysaccharide showed significant immunomodulatory activity by enhancing iNOS secretion and production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, primarily through mannose receptor recognition. In vivo studies demonstrated C-0-1 improved immune organ indices and cytokine secretion in immunosuppressed mice, affecting the Th1/Th2 balance. The structural and bioactive properties were found to be similar to polysaccharides from C. sinensis.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that C. cicadae contains a bioactive galactoglucomannan with significant immunomodulatory properties similar to those found in C. sinensis. Given its wider distribution, easier growing conditions, and mature cultivation methods, C. cicadae could serve as an ideal alternative to C. sinensis for obtaining medicinal polysaccharides.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules28093867
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